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    Cities With the Largest Millennial Renter Wage Gap

    Cities With the Largest Millennial Renter Wage Gap

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    Photo Credit: JackWard / Shutterstock

    By David Heacock

    Rising rents have hit households hard over the last year. After remaining flat amid eviction moratoriums and government assistance programs in 2020, rents grew by 17.6% in 2021 and by another 6.7% over the first seven months of 2022. And in a period of persistent inflation, costs for housing are squeezing renters’ budgets for other household spending.

    But even before the recent spike in rents, the gap between what a typical rental costs and what the typical worker can afford based on their income has been growing. Amid stagnant wages for workers, especially low income earners, and a nationwide shortage of housing stock, renters are finding it more difficult than ever to secure affordable housing. A recent report from the National Low Income Housing Coalition found that the typical renter today needs to earn $21.25 per hour to afford a modest one-bedroom apartment.

    View of rent and wage gap in the U.S. showing rising rents far outpacing hourly earnings since 2014, worsening the Millennial renter wage gap.

    The gap is only widening as rates of rent growth exceed rates of growth for wages. After adjusting for inflation, the median U.S. rent has grown by 25% since 2014, while the median hourly employee earnings in the U.S. has increased by only 6% over the same span. While the gap narrowed in 2020, the recent spike in rents has widened the difference between cumulative rates of rent and wage growth to nearly twice what it was before the pandemic.

    The combination of rising rents and stagnant wages has been a challenge for Americans of all stripes, but certain groups have been more disadvantaged by this state of affairs than others. Researchers from the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard found earlier in 2022 that nearly a quarter of the lowest-earning renters are behind on rent, and renters of color are at least twice as likely as white renters to be behind. But even well-off households are feeling pressure, as rising real estate costs price would-be buyers out and keep them competing for space in the rental market—and as they spend more on rent, they have a harder time saving for homeownership.

    View of U.S. generational rental rates showing Millennials as the largest renter group, deepening the Millennial wage gap in major cities.

    Current challenges in the rental market are also being experienced differently across generations. Members of the millennial generation—currently aged 26 to 41—are at an age when most people buy their first or second home. But rising costs of rents and real estate have compounded on other financial difficulties faced by the millennials, like lost earning potential after the Great Recession and historically high levels of debt. Now, 27.2% of millennials in the U.S. are renters, a larger proportion than any other generation.

    View of U.S. map showing largest Millennial renter wage gaps concentrated in coastal states like California and New York.

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    For millennials in some parts of the country, rental units fortunately remain relatively affordable. The interior of the U.S. tends to have the most affordable locations, including 13 states where a typical millennial renter’s earnings exceed what is needed to afford the median one-bedroom unit. In contrast, most of the states where millennials have larger renter wage gaps are coastal states that tend to have higher housing costs due to limited supply, like California. The problem is even more acute at the metro level, where some of the most desirable and fastest-growing cities in the U.S. have major renter wage gaps for millennials.

    To determine the locations with the largest millennial renter wage gap, researchers at Filterbuy calculated the percentage difference between the median wage for millennial renters and the median wage necessary to afford a one-bedroom rental without spending more than 30% of wages on rent. In the event of a tie, the location with the higher median one-bedroom rent was ranked higher.

    Here are the U.S. metropolitan areas with the largest millennial renter wage gap.

    View of U.S. small and midsize metros with steepest Millennial renter wage gaps, led by cities in California and Florida.

    Large Metros With the Largest Millennial Renter Wage Gap

    View of Nashville skyline and Tennessee State Capitol illustrating the city’s growing Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Mihai Andritoiu / Shutterstock

    15. Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN

    View of Denver skyline and Colorado Capitol highlighting the city’s widening Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Nicholas Courtney / Shutterstock

    14. Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO

    View of Seattle skyline at sunrise reflecting the city’s significant Millennial renter wage gap amid soaring housing costs.

    Photo Credit: Checubus / Shutterstock

    13. Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA

    "View of Sacramento’s Tower Bridge and skyline at sunset highlighting the city’s large Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Andriy Blokhin / Shutterstock

    12. Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA

    View of Tampa-area pier at sunrise symbolizing Florida’s steep Millennial renter wage gap in coastal cities.

    Photo Credit: shamiso chikanga / Shutterstock

    11. Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL

    View of Boston waterfront skyline highlighting the city’s severe Millennial renter wage gap amid high housing costs.

    Photo Credit: Travellaggio / Shutterstock

    10. Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH

    View of Portland skyline and Hawthorne Bridge illustrating the city’s growing Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Andrew Zarivny / Shutterstock

    9. Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA

    View of Riverside, California from hillside highlighting the region’s widening Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Jon Bilous / Shutterstock

    8. Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA

    View of San Jose skyline from airplane highlighting Silicon Valley’s severe Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Sundry Photography / Shutterstock

    7. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA

    View of Central Park and Manhattan skyline illustrating New York City’s extreme Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Lukas Uher / Shutterstock

    6. New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA

    View of San Francisco skyline at sunrise beneath Bay Bridge highlighting the city’s severe Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: yhelfman / Shutterstock

    5. San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA

    View of Orlando Eye at ICON Park symbolizing the city’s severe Millennial renter wage gap despite tourism growth.

    Photo Credit: Infinity Moments LLC / Shutterstock

    4. Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL

    View of San Diego skyline and bay reflecting the city’s significant Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock

    3. San Diego-Carlsbad, CA

    View of Miami skyline behind palm trees highlighting the city’s severe Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock

    2. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL

    View of Griffith Observatory and Los Angeles skyline highlighting the city’s major Millennial renter wage gap.

    Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / ShutterstockLos Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA

    1. Detailed Findings & Methodology

    The data used in this analysis is from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2020 ACS PUMS 5-Year Estimates. To determine the locations with the largest millennial renter wage gap, researchers at Filterbuy calculated the percentage difference between the median wage for millennial renters and the median wage necessary to afford a one-bedroom rental without spending more than 30% of wages on rent. For the purpose of this analysis millennials are defined as those aged between 24-39 (in 2020). In the event of a tie, the location with the higher median one-bedroom rent was ranked higher. To improve relevance, only metropolitan areas with at least 100,000 residents and complete data available were included. Additionally, metros were grouped into cohorts based on population size: small (100,000–349,999), midsize (350,000–999,999), and large (1,000,000 or more).