Coming in 2025: New HVAC Refrigerants

Big changes are on the horizon for air conditioners in 2025 with the introduction of new, more environmentally friendly refrigerants known as A2L refrigerants. These new refrigerants have a significantly lower global warming potential (GWP), which is great news for the environment. Here’s what you need to know about the A2L transition and answers to the top five questions about these new gases.

Will I Still Be Able to Get Older Refrigerants and Service for My Current A/C?

Yes! The new rules focus on the production of new equipment. Manufacturers won’t be able to produce new units with the current R410 refrigerants, but you’ll still be able to get R410 for repairs. Additionally, manufacturers will continue to produce replacement parts compatible with older refrigerants to honor existing warranties. However, there may be longer wait times for these parts.

Are the New Refrigerants Flammable?

In short, yes. The “2” in A2L indicates a low level of flammability (on a 1-4 scale), but there’s no need for major concern. These gases are difficult to ignite and have a low flame propagation speed. Many new systems will also include leak detection systems to enhance safety. It’s worth noting that A2L refrigerants aren’t entirely new—they’ve been used in window A/C units for years and were introduced in Europe earlier.

Is There Only One A2L Refrigerant?

No, this refrigerant transition is unique in that it involves two different options. When R22 was phased out two decades ago, everyone switched to R410. However, with A2L, most manufacturers are adopting R454, while some, like Daikin brands (Daikin, Goodman, Amana), are using R32. R32 is a single-component refrigerant, while R454 is a blend. R454 has a slightly lower GWP, making it a bit more environmentally friendly, but it's also slightly less efficient.

How Much Better for the Environment Are A2L Refrigerants?

Significantly better! The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been working to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) for years, and the new A2L refrigerants are a major step forward. These refrigerants have GWPs that are about 65% to 75% lower than R410, and they’re also somewhat more efficient, which means new systems should use less energy.

Are New A/C Systems Going to Cost More?

We’re still waiting for more pricing details, but most manufacturers indicate that prices will be higher, likely by 10-20%. The new refrigerants are slightly flammable, so technicians will need new tools to handle them safely, and HVAC trucks will need to be outfitted with enhanced safety features—all of which may increase costs for homeowners.